- Actinobacteridae
- Actinomycetales
- Micromonosporineae
- Micromonosporaceae
- Actinoplanes : a genus made up of saprophytic forms found on a wide variety of plant material and in soil.
- Actinoplanes auranticolor : a species that is the source of the antibiotic plauracin.
- Actinoplanes utahensis : a species that produces acarbose.
- Actinoplanes teichomyceticus
- Micromonospora
- Micromonospora echinospora (a.k.a. Micromonospora purpurea)
- Pseudonocardineae
- Actinosynnemataceae
- Actinosynnema
- Actinosynnema pretiosum
- Actinosynnema pretiosum subsp. auranticum
- Pseudonocardiaceae
- Amycolatopsis
- Amycolatopsis mediterranei (a.k.a. Streptomyces mediterranei)
- rifampin / rifampicin / rifampicin SV
- rifabutin
- rifapentine
- Amycolatopsis orientalis (a.k.a. Streptomyces orientalis)
- Amycolatopsis orientalis var. lurida (a.k.a. Nocardia lurida)
- Streptomycineae
- Streptomycetaceae
- Streptomyces
- Streptomyces achromogenes
- Streptomyces aureofaciens
- Streptomyces avermitilis
- Streptomyces cattleya
- Streptomyces clavuligerus
- Streptomyces fradiae
- Streptomyces graminofaciens
- Streptomyces griseus
- Streptomyces hygroscopicus (discovered in Rapa Nui island)
- Streptomyces kanemyceticus
- Streptomyces lavenduligriseus
- Streptomyces lincolnensis
- Streptomyces nodosus
- Streptomyces noursei
- Streptomyces pilosus
- Streptomyces pristinaespiralis
- Streptomyces rimosus
- Streptomyces spectabilis
- Streptomyces spiroverticillatus
- Streptomyces tsukubaensis
- Streptomyces strain isolated from the soil of volcanic Cheju Island
- Streptomyces venezuelae
- Streptomyces MH435-hF3
- Streptomyces sp. MH237-CF8
- Corynebacterineae
- Corynebacteriaceae
- Corynebacterium
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
=> teicoplanin / teichoplanin
=> gentamicin : a mixture of 3 components
=> maytansinoids, ansamacrolids :
=> rifamycins (RIF)
=> vancomycin
=> ristocetin
=> streptozocin
=> chlortetracycline / aureomycin
=> partricin : an antifungal and antiprotozoal, consisting of a mixture in a constant ratio (about 1:1) of 2 polyene substances having very similar structures and biological properties
=> avermectins, insecticide and antihelminthic
=> thienamycin
=> clavulanic acid
=> neomycin
=> streptogramins
=> streptomycin
=> sirolimus / rapamycin : it binds to the immunophilin FKBP-12 and inhibits mTOR / FRAP1. Catabolyzed by CYP3A4
.
=> geldamycin is a benzochinoid antibiotic that inhibits PTKs.
=> kanamycin : a complex of 3 antibiotics (A, B and C)
=> lavendustin A inihibts PTKs.
=>lincomycin
=> amphotericin B
=> nystatin
=>deferoxamine (DFO) : a bacterial siderophore
=> pristinamycins
=> paromomycin
=> oxytetracycline / terramycin
=> spectinomycin
=> tautomycin
=> tacrolimus (isolated in 1985 by Kino and Goto), used clinically since 1990
=> tautomycetin (TMC) (C33H50O10)
Both TMC and tautomycin exist naturally in 2 tautomeric forms, which resulted in similar chemical names being coined. Tautomycin, which is known to be a specific inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1
and PP2A,
shares a partial structural moiety with TMC due to its tautomeric property.
However, the functional moieties in tautomycin necessary for its inhibitory
activity to PP1 and PP2A (C22-C26) and apoptosis-inducing activity (C1-C18)
do not exist in TMC. Higher concentrations (103 µg/ml)
of tautomycin are required to exert a similar level of apoptosis by TMC,
and T cell-specific apoptosis induction is not observed with tautomycin.
In contrast to TMC, tautomycin does not show any immunosuppressive activity
in in vivo heart allograft transplantation.
=> chloramphenicol
=> erbstatin inhibits the autophosphorylation of EGFR
.
=> herbimycin A is a benzochinoid ansamycin antibiotic that inhibits PTKs.
=> diphteria toxin
- => linear peptides
-
b-methylamino
L-alanine
(BMAA) (produced by 95% of strains) => amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis-Parkinsonian dementia complex (ALS-PDC).
Interest increased when BMAA was found in brain tissues of several Alzheimer's
disease
patients in Canada
- cylindrospermopsin
- aeruginosins
- microginins
- anabaenopeptins
- nostopeptolides
- anabaenopeptilides
-
microcystins (peptides) : cyclic heptapetide
hepatotoxins that have been held responsible for the deaths of 60 patients
after renal dialysis with water contaminated with the toxin in Brazil.
Chronic low-level exposure to microcystins has been suspected to cause
human hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC)
in China. The WHO has set a provisional guideline value of 1.0 mg/L
for this toxin. The enzyme complex responsible for microcystin biosynthesis
is encoded by the microcystin synthetase gene cluster. It spans 55 kb and
includes genes for peptide synthetases, polyketide synthases, mixed peptide
synthetase and polyketide synthases, and tailoring enzymes. All genera
with microcystin-producing strains also contain related strains that lack
the ability to produce this toxin. They are by far the most prevalent of
the cyanobacterial toxins and are produced by strains of the distantly
related cyanobacterial genera Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix,
and more rarely Anabaenopsis, Haplosiphon, and Nostoc
